Author: Zara Ahmed

Eid al-Adha, also known as the Festival of Sacrifice, is one of the two major Islamic holidays celebrated by Muslims around the world. It holds profound religious, spiritual, and cultural significance, especially in countries like Pakistan, where the occasion is marked with widespread festivities and religious devotion. Eid al-Adha commemorates the unwavering faith and devotion of Prophet Ibrahim. 

Historical Background

Allah commanded Ibrahim in a dream to sacrifice his beloved son, Isma’il, as a test of his obedience. As Ibrahim prepared to fulfill the command, Allah intervened and provided a goat to be sacrificed instead. This event is recorded in the Qur’an (Surah As-Saffat 37:102–107).

This act of submission to God’s will forms the foundation of Eid al-Adha. It is a time for Muslims to reflect on the values of faith, obedience, sacrifice, and compassion.

Religious Observance

Eid al-Adha takes place during the Islamic lunar month of Dhul-Hijjah, specifically on the 10th day, which follows the culmination of Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam. The holiday spans three days in many Islamic countries, though some extend it to four.

The day begins with a special congregational Eid prayer, typically held outdoors or in large mosques. This prayer includes a khutbah (sermon) that emphasizes the significance of sacrifice, unity, and caring for the less fortunate.

Moon Sighting and Deciding the Date

Since the Islamic calendar is lunar, the months begin with the sighting of the new moon. The exact day of Eid al-Adha varies each year and can differ by country, depending on local or regional moon sightings. In Pakistan, the Ruet-e-Hilal Committee is responsible for officially announcing the sighting of the moon that marks Dhul-Hijjah, determining the dates of Hajj and Eid.

As a result, the celebration date is often confirmed only a day or two in advance, contributing to anticipation and last-minute preparations.

 

Traditions and Celebrations in Pakistan 

The main ritual is Qurbani — the sacrifice of a goat, cow, or other halal animal — symbolizing Prophet Ibrahim’s obedience. The meat is divided into three parts: one for the family, one for relatives/friends, and one for the poor.

Families prepare festive meals like biryani, kebabs, and desserts using the Qurbani meat. Charity plays a big role, with people ensuring that the less fortunate receive food and support.

In the lead-up to Eid, animal markets (mandis) become lively centers where families buy sacrificial animals. In urban areas, many now use online Qurbani services for convenience. The three-day celebration emphasizes faith, community, and compassion. While traditional practices continue, urban Pakistanis increasingly use online services for buying animals and performing sacrifices, especially in high-density areas. Social media also plays a role, with people sharing images of their animals, outfits, and celebrations. In some areas, authorities ensure hygienic disposal of waste and promote responsible handling of sacrificial activities to prevent health hazards

Eid al-Adha is more than a ritualistic observance—it is a spiritual and communal celebration of faith, sacrifice, and compassion. In Pakistan, the holiday blends deep religious devotion with rich cultural traditions, making it a time of joy, reflection, and unity. Whether through shared meals, charity, or prayer, Eid al-Adha reminds Muslims of their values and their responsibility toward others, especially those less fortunate.